Data & Research

The numbers behind the narrative

Everything The Apiary Project publishes is rooted in data - federal datasets, peer-reviewed research, field surveys, and industry reports. This page organizes our analysis by topic and links to the primary sources we draw from. Think of it as our bibliography, our dashboard, and our methodology statement all in one place.

Colony Health & Losses

The central question in American beekeeping: why are we losing 30-45% of managed colonies every year, and what does the trend data actually show?

Key Data Points

30-45% Annual managed colony losses (10-year average)
~2.7M Total US managed colonies (USDA NASS)
1987 Year Varroa destructor arrived in US
~50% First-year beekeeper dropout rate

Primary Sources We Use

  • USDA NASS Honey Bee Colonies Report (quarterly)
  • Bee Informed Partnership Annual Loss Survey
  • USDA-APHIS National Honey Bee Survey
  • Apiary Inspectors of America colony data

Pesticides & Toxicology

Neonicotinoids, organophosphates, and the growing body of evidence on sublethal effects. The regulatory gap between what the science shows and what policy permits.

Key Data Points

25% Neonicotinoid share of global insecticide market
2018 EU outdoor neonicotinoid restriction (US has not followed)
78M lbs Annual US residential pesticide use
200-1000+ Neonicotinoid soil half-life (days)

Primary Sources We Use

  • EPA Pollinator Risk Assessment Framework
  • EFSA Neonicotinoid Risk Assessments (EU)
  • EPA Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS)
  • USGS National Water-Quality Assessment pesticide data

Habitat & Native Pollinators

Four thousand native bee species, 150 million acres of habitat lost, and data gaps large enough to hide an extinction.

Key Data Points

~4,000 Native bee species in the US
150M Acres of pollinator habitat lost since 1992
23-57% Regional native pollinator decline rates
80% Wild plants dependent on animal pollination

Primary Sources We Use

  • USDA Forest Service pollinator monitoring data
  • USGS Native Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab
  • Xerces Society Red List assessments
  • USDA Farm Service Agency CRP enrollment data
  • National Land Cover Database (NLCD)

Economics & Industry

The $20 billion pollination economy, the honey fraud crisis, and the business model that turns beekeepers into trucking companies.

Key Data Points

$15-20B Annual value of bee pollination to US agriculture
30-70% Estimated honey fraud rate on grocery shelves
$200-250+ Almond pollination fee per colony (2025)
1,600+ Miles average migratory beekeeper travels per season

Primary Sources We Use

  • USDA NASS Honey Report (annual)
  • USDA Foreign Agricultural Service import/export data
  • US International Trade Commission honey trade data
  • FDA import alerts and enforcement reports

Our Methodology

Source hierarchy

We prioritize peer-reviewed research and federal data over industry reports, industry reports over anecdotal evidence, and direct observation over secondhand accounts. When sources conflict, we report the conflict rather than choosing a side.

Uncertainty reporting

When data is incomplete - and in pollinator science it frequently is - we quantify the uncertainty. "23-57% decline" is more honest than "40% decline" when the range reflects genuine measurement variation across studies. We use ranges, confidence intervals, and explicit caveats.

Living documents

Our analysis pages are updated when new data is published or when errors are identified. Issue pages carry revision dates. Significant changes are noted. Outdated claims are corrected, not quietly removed - transparency about what changed and when is non-negotiable.