Bee diseases

Acarapis woodi lives inside a bee's breathing tubes. It devastated British colonies in 1906 and American ones in 1984. Then Varroa arrived and everyone forgot.

Three fungal and viral brood diseases that don't get the attention of AFB or EFB. Chalkbrood mummifies larvae into white pellets. All three signal stress.

Nosema ceranae replaced N. apis as the dominant gut parasite in US hives. Fumagillin, the standard treatment, was pulled in the EU. The US still uses it.

AFB spores survive 70+ years. There's no cure for infected comb. Most states require burning. It's the only bee disease that makes gear worthless overnight.